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  • br Rationale and hypothesis To

    2020-09-16


    Rationale and hypothesis To discover an allosteric inhibitor of EGFR, Jia et al. (2016) screened a library of 2.5 million compounds at 1 μM ATP concentration in opposition the purified EGFR L858R/T790M mutant enzyme. 1322 best hits were found from this round of screening. The pinnacle hits had been then assayed for their IC50 values at each 1 μM and 1 mM ATP to split the ATP competitive from non-competitive compounds. The pinnacle hits had been additionally screened towards the wild-type EGFR to select out those with extra specificity for the mutant EGFR. They located EAI001 with vast efficiency and selectivity for mutant EGFR (at 1 mM ATP, IC50 0.024 μM for L858R T790M, IC50 > 50 μM for wild-type EGFR) as EGFR allosteric inhibitor-1. However, it best had modest potency towards individual L858R and T790M mutants. After medicinal-chemistry-based enhancement of EAI001, the EAI045 inhibitor was found to have high potency and selectivity for L858R/T790M mutation (Fig. 1s) (Jia et al., 2016). The significant selectivity for the EGFR mutant was affirmed through profiling a board of 250 protein kinases. EAI045 was in this way affirmed to be an allosteric, non-ATP competitive inhibitor of mutant C797S EGFR (Jia et al., 2016). We contemplated the coupling association of allosteric inhibitors EAI045 utilizing the PDB ID 5D41 (Jia et al., 2016). EAI045 was an allosteric, a non-ATP aggressive inhibitor of mutant C797S EGFR, having Y shaped configuration as appeared in Fig. 1. Glucokinase activators (GKAs) are small molecules with substantial chemical structure assortment, but most of them adhere to a common pharmacophore model with related structural motifs similar to the allosteric inhibitor EAI045. Glucokinase activators (GKAs) are by and large little atoms with significant sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator structure assortment, but maximum of them adhere to a not unusual pharmacophore version with associated structural motifs much like the allosteric inhibitor EAI045. The model comprises of a center consist of asymmetric carbon and three attachments, two of which are hydrophobic groups with at least one consisting of an aromatic ring structure. The third attachment is a 2-amidoheterocyle moiety that gives the premise for framing an electron donor/acceptor interaction with the receptor. Focusing on this molecule and reviewing their design strategies (Y shaped configuration), we did the 3D pharmacophoric search using ZINC database and observed that GKAs fulfill the all pharmacophoric requirement as like that of EAI045 and they also exist in Y shaped configuration similar to the allosteric inhibitor EAI045 (Fig. 1). This observation galvanized us to further investigate the use of GKAs as a non-ATP competitive inhibitor of mutant C797S EGFR, which could resolve the EGFR resistance obstacle.
    Structure based virtual screening protocol Virtual screening is quickly turning into the essential primary application of computational docking techniques; with numerous accomplishments in the unearthing of new lead compounds for pharmaceutical development (Ferreira et al., 2015; Rehan, 2017; Rehan et al., 2014; Jamal et al., 2014). The workflow of the virtual screening campaign is laid out in Fig. 2. In detail, (i) We arranged the GKAs (drives), which have Y fashioned configuration and structural similitudes with that of allosteric inhibitor EAI045; (ii) The libraries of comparable analogs of GKAs were readied, utilizing the 3D pharmacophoric search for Y shaped configuration in ZINC database; (iii) We did the 3D pharmacophoric scan of GKAs for Y shaped configuration similar to the allosteric inhibitor EAI045; (ii) The binding mode of all retrieved compounds was evaluated by molecular docking, utilizing the 3D structure of C797S mutant EGFR, T790M mutant EGFR, WT EGFR, TMLR EGFR and L858R EGFR tyrosine kinase; (iii) Those compounds demonstrating most noteworthy docking score against C797S mutant EGFR, T790M mutant EGFR, TMLR EGFR and L858R and proclivity towards WT EGFR have been further subjected to the subsequent filter of ‘Lipinski’s rule of five’ to assess drug likeness, which becomes an crucial tool to facilitate drug discovery; (iv) In silico ADME parameters utilizing QikProp to discover the potent C797S mutant allosteric EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors.