• Introduction Collagen deposition is a common

  2020-04-26

  

  Introduction Collagen deposition is a common feature found in cancerous tissues and fibrotic organs/lesions. It is now well accepted that collagen deposition is not just a consequence of disease, but that it can also trigger a vicious cycle. Both chemical and physical signals elicited from collagen

• br Functional significance Defects of the lysyl hydroxylases

  2020-04-26

  

  Functional significance Defects of the lysyl hydroxylases LH1, LH2, and LH3 impair collagen secretion and stability in the extracellular matrix, and cause rare connective tissue disorders such as Ehlers-Danlos type-VI [27], Bruck syndrome [28], and skeletal dysplasia [29], respectively. Elucidati

• The Fontan circulation When first described in

  2020-04-26

  

  The Fontan circulation When first described in 1971, the Fontan operation ushered in a new paradigm in the care of children born with the varied forms of complex congenital Cryptochlorogenic acid disease (CHD) characterized by a single effective pumping chamber.1., 2. This procedure, which creates

• Mammalian cells contain significant amounts of a relatively

  2020-04-26

  

  Mammalian cells contain significant amounts of a relatively lesser known enzyme that shows marked specifity for ether lipids containing AA and other 20–22 carbon fatty acids. This enzyme is called CoA-independent transacylase (CoA-IT), and transfers polyunsaturated moieties of 20–22 carbons, typical

• br Introduction Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

  2020-04-26

  

  Introduction Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common types of cancer in East Asia and is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide.1, 2 Surgery is widely used for treatment in localized disease, where it can provide definitive management and potential cure. Tre

• Introduction Excessive exposure to ultraviolet UV

  2020-04-26

  

  Introduction Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation from the sun injures human skin, which might lead to premature aging and skin pathologies [1], [2]. Chronic exposure to UV (especially ultraviolet-B, UVB) irradiation could profoundly affect the skin epidermis, interfering with the ker

• Regardless of its effect on EBV infection

  2020-04-26

  

  Regardless of its effect on EBV infection, the chemokine system has been found to be regulated in both nasopharyngeal cancer and Hodgkin lymphoma. As such, Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells from Hodgkin lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells have been shown to express CXCL8 and CCL17. Furt

• Introduction Protein ubiquitination is a posttranslational m

  2020-04-26

  

  Introduction Protein ubiquitination is a posttranslational modification that plays a major role in almost all cellular processes in eukaryotes (Hochstrasser, 2009; Komander & Rape, 2012). It involves the covalent attachment of ubiquitin (Ub) via its C-terminal glycine carboxylate to a primary amine

• The only in vivo evidence for a role of DDR

  2020-04-24

  

  The only in vivo evidence for a role of DDR2 in fibrotic disease showed that DDR2 knockout mice exhibited exaggerated severity of chronic hepatic fibrosis. Although a previous in vitro study has demonstrated that DDR2 promotes lung fibroblast proliferation and migration, till now it remains unclear

• We used two different VSMCs

  2020-04-24

  

  We used two different VSMCs cell lines, KSB and CSD (isolated from two different thoracic aortas). Rat aortic VSMCs were isolated from medial segments from thoracic rate ARCA from Wistar-Kyoto rats (six to eight weeks old, Charles River Wiga GmbH) and cultured over several passages as described . Q

• Antioxidants such as SFN have been proposed

  2020-04-24

  

  Antioxidants such as SFN have been proposed to be chemopreventive agents to inhibit, delay or reverse the development of cancer (Bayat Mokhtari et al., 2018). SFN was shown in breast epithelial cell culture to suppress oxidative metabolism of E2/E1 and thus protect against estrogen-mediated DNA dama

• Numerous studies have pointed to

  2020-04-22

  

  Numerous studies have pointed to the DGAT reaction being critical for TAG assembly and in several cases it has been shown to limit carbon flux from lipid precursors towards TAG accumulation [12]. Thus, in Brassica napus, the DGAT substrate, diacylglycerol (DAG), accumulates during periods of rapid l

• Kluveromyces lactisSimilar to S cerevisiae K lactis is a

  2020-04-22

  

  Kluveromyces lactisSimilar to S. cerevisiae, K. lactis is a facultative anaerobic respiratory yeast, which lacks Complex I in its mitochondrial respiratory chain. However, both yeasts differ regarding their respiratory-fermentative metabolism as K. lactis exhibits a greater use of the pentose phosph

• Multiple lines of evidence now indicate that mitochondrial

  2020-04-22

  

  Multiple lines of evidence now indicate that mitochondrial decay is a fundamental factor that leads to alterations in energy metabolism in the aged heart (Hagen et al., 2002, Judge and Leeuwenburgh, 2007, Lesnefsky et al., 2001c). Nevertheless, the exact biochemical events that cause such an alterat

• Furthermore many intermediate plants did not

  2020-04-22

  

  Furthermore, many intermediate plants did not show additive combinations of parental allozymes, which would be expected in F1 hybrids. The absence of some characteristic parental bands suggests that sexual reproduction has occurred among the hybrid plants. Genetic variations within and among the int

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